The formation of metabolites of mephentermine by microsomal and cytosolic preparations of male Wistar rat livers. Determination of psychotropic phenylalkylamine derivatives in biological matrices by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection. The metabolism, distribution and elimination of chlorphentermine in man. Ionamin online references

Ionamin online research references

Xenobiotica. 1992 Apr;22(4):451-7.
The formation of metabolites of mephentermine by microsomal and cytosolic preparations of male Wistar rat livers.

Mori MA, Kobayashi M, Sakai K, Nakafuku K, Mori Y, Kozuka H.

Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.

1. Metabolites of mephentermine (MP), phentermine (Ph), p-hydroxy-MP, p-hydroxy-Ph, N-hydroxy-MP and N-hydroxy-Ph on incubation with rat liver microsomal and cytosolic preparations were identified by g.l.c. and g.l.c.-mass spectrometry. 2. Identification of the metabolites indicated the following new metabolic routes of MP: NADPH-dependent microsomal formation of p-hydroxy-MP from MP, of p-hydroxy-Ph from p-hydroxy-MP, and the NADH-dependent microsomal formation of Ph from N-hydroxy-Ph.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1523866&dopt=Abstract

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J Chromatogr. 1992 Feb 28;593(1-2):87-94.
Determination of psychotropic phenylalkylamine derivatives in biological matrices by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection.

Helmlin HJ, Brenneisen R.

Institute of Pharmacy, University of Berne, Switzerland.

Several procedures using high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection have been developed to create phytochemical and toxicological profiles of phenylalkylamine derivatives in biological samples (e.g. plant materials and urine). Mescaline-containing cactus samples were extracted with basic methanol, using methoxamine as internal standard; the extraction and clean-up of urine samples were performed on cation-exchange solid-phase extraction columns. The extracts were separated on a 3-micron ODS column with acetonitrile-water-phosphoric acid-hexylamine as the mobile phase. Peak detection was performed at 198 or 205 nm; peak identity and homogeneity were ascertained by on-line scanning of the UV spectra from 190 to 300 nm. The detection limit of phenylalkylamine derivatives in urine and cactus material was 0.026-0.056 micrograms/ml and 0.04 micrograms/mg, respectively. Following a single oral dose of 1.7 mg/kg methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA) the concentrations found in urine ranged from 1.48 to 5.05 micrograms/ml MDMA and 0.07-0.90 micrograms/ml methylenedioxyamphetamine (a metabolite of MDMA). The mescaline content of the cactus Trichocereus pachanoi varied between 1.09 and 23.75 micrograms/mg.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1639916&dopt=Abstract

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Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1977 Apr;4(2):193-200.
The metabolism, distribution and elimination of chlorphentermine in man.

Beckett AH, Belanger PM.

1 A gas-liquid chromatography procedure for the determination of chlorphentermine (I), N-hydroxychlorphentermine (II) and alpha,alpha-dimethyl-alpha-nitro-beta-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (IV) in urine has been developed. Also methods are reported to determine conjugated II and the total N-oxidized metabolites of I, i.e. II, conjugated II, alpha,alpha-dimethyl-alpha-nitroso-beta-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (III) and IV in urine. 2 The synthesis of alpha,alpha-dimethyl-alpha-nitroso-beta-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (III) and its properties are reported. 3 The kinetics of urinary excretion of I and its metabolic products after the oral administration of I to a human subject on separate occasions have been studied. Under normal conditions of urinary pH, metabolism by N-oxidation was the main elimination route of I; acidifying the urine increased the urinary excretion of unchanged I at the expense of the N-oxidized products. 4 The importance of the N-oxidation metabolic route in the distribution of chlorphentermine (I) in man is discussed.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=16634&dopt=Abstract

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