Mechanism of oxidation of N-hydroxyphentermine by superoxide. Morphological and functional changes in mouse splenic lymphocytes following in vivo and in vitro exposure to chlorphentermine. Amantadine-induced lipidosis. A cytological and physicochemical study. Ionamin online references

Ionamin online research references

Biochemistry. 1985 Jul 16;24(15):4161-7.
Mechanism of oxidation of N-hydroxyphentermine by superoxide.

Fukuto JM, Di Stefano EW, Burstyn JN, Valentine JS, Cho AK.

Cytochrome P-450 oxidizes N-hydroxyphentermine (MPPNHOH) by an indirect pathway involving superoxide. The chemical details of this oxidation, in which N-hydroxyphentermine is converted to 2-methyl-2-nitro-1-phenylpropane (MPPNO2), have been elucidated by examining the interaction of MPPNHOH with superoxide in aqueous and organic solvents. The role of peroxide, hydroperoxy radicals, and oxygen in the reaction was also examined. The results indicate that superoxide itself is oxidizing MPPNHOH to a nitroxide that disproportionates to MPPNHOH and 2-methyl-2-nitroso-1-phenylpropane (MPPNO). MPPNO is then oxidized to MPPNO2 by O2 or hydroperoxide. Two possible mechanisms for the superoxide oxidation were considered, a proton abstraction and a hydrogen atom abstraction. Stoichiometric and oxygen evolution studies favor the hydrogen abstraction pathway.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2996592&dopt=Abstract

kwd match ionamin online literature

J Immunopharmacol. 1986;8(4):611-31.
Morphological and functional changes in mouse splenic lymphocytes following in vivo and in vitro exposure to chlorphentermine.

Sauers LJ, Wierda D, Walker ER, Reasor MJ.

With repeated administration to animals, the cationic, amphiphilic drug, chlorphentermine (CP), has been shown by others to induce a phospholipidosis in lymphocytes. In the present study mouse splenic lymphocytes, exposed to CP, either in vivo or in vitro, developed morphological changes consistant with the induction of phospholipidosis. In addition, CP induced functional changes in lymphocytes. Mice, treated with CP in vivo, demonstrated a significantly depressed ability to generate a delayed hypersensitivity response or to produce antibody-secreting cells against de novo antigens. Mouse splenic lymphocytes, exposed to 10(-7) M CP for 3 days in vitro, demonstrated a significantly depressed blastogenic response to the mitogens phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide. CP inhibited an event that occurred early during lymphocyte activation, but was subsequent to mitogen/receptor coupling. In addition, CP significantly depressed the increased uptake of choline that occurs in lymphocytes following cellular activation. Since the presence of phospholipidosis is indicative of an impairment in phospholipid metabolism, these results taken together provide evidence for a relationship between this phenomenon and altered immune function.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3027187&dopt=Abstract

kwd match ionamin online literature

Toxicology. 1987 Apr;44(1):45-59.
Amantadine-induced lipidosis. A cytological and physicochemical study.

Burmester J, Hanpft R, Kroplin K, Lullmann-Rauch R, Patten M.

The purpose of this study was to test whether or not the antiviral drug amantadine induces the structural features of lipidosis in intact animals (rats) and cultured cells, and to investigate the interactions between amantadine and phospholipids. Chlorphentermine was used as reference compound. When subchronically fed to rats at a daily dosage of approximately 180 mg/kg, amantadine induced ultrastructural symptoms of generalized lipidosis, the degree of which was, however, by far less marked than that previously reported for chlorphentermine. This was paralleled by the findings on cell cultures (rat peritoneal macrophages), where the lipidosis-inducing potency of amantadine was approximately 10-fold lower than that of chlorphentermine. As to drug-phospholipid interactions, amantadine had less marked effects than chlorphentermine upon the phase transition characteristics of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidic acid; furthermore, amantadine was approximately 10-fold less potent than chlorphentermine in displacing Ca from phosphatidylserine monolayers. The present study has revealed a parallel between the comparatively low lipidosis-inducing efficacy inherent to amantadine and the comparatively low tendency to interact with phospholipids. It is suggested that the cage-like structure of the amantadine molecule hinders an effective intercalation of the drug into phospholipid aggregates, and that this is an essential factor responsible for the low inherent efficacy of amantadine with respect to lipidosis induction.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3031849&dopt=Abstract

kwd match ionamin online literature

Dream Pharmaceuticals Rx Online Fioricet
Dream Pharmaceuticals Rx Online Imitrex
Dream Pharmaceuticals Rx Online Levitra

DreamPharm: Herbal and Nutritional supplements online || Hair Million herbal formula for hair loss and hair growth || Dream Pharmaceuticals Rx: Prescription Drugs Online || Tramadol Online || Paxil Online || Buspar Online || Cialis Online || Antibiotics Online Antibiotics and prescription medications online literature || E-Mail Us