Ionamin online research references
J Nucl Med. 1986 Apr;27(4):532-7.
N-[11C-Methyl]chlorphentermine and N,N-[11C-dimethyl]chlorphentermine as brain blood-flow agents for positron emission tomography.
Kizuka H, Elmaleh DR, Boudreaux GJ, Strauss HW, Ackerman RH, Brownell GL.
N-[11C-methyl]chlorphentermine ([11C]NMCP) and N,N-[11C-dimethyl]chlorphentermine ([11C]NDMCP) were prepared from chlorphentermine and 11CH3I in DMF and evaluated in rats as brain blood-flow agents for positron emission tomography (PET). Tissue distribution of [11C]NMCP showed that brain uptake was 2.70 +/- 0.40% of injected dose per organ at 5 min with no change in radioactivity concentration up to 30 min after i.v. injection. Approximately 80% of the initial brain uptake remained at 60 min. On the other hand, initial brain uptake of [11C] NDMCP (3.66 +/- 0.31 and 3.63 +/- 0.88% injected dose per organ at 5 and 15 min, respectively) was greater than that of [11C]NMCP. The brain activity however, rapidly decreased to 2.38 +/- 0.17 and 1.82 +/- 0.32% at 30 and 60 min, respectively. Because of its longer retention in the brain compared with [11C]NDMCP, [11C]NMCP would be a potential brain blood-flow agent for quantitative PET studies.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3486957&dopt=Abstract
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Biochem Pharmacol. 1987 Apr 1;36(7):1063-7.
Influence of cationic amphiphilic drugs on the phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis by phospholipase A2.
Grabner R.
On chronic treatment certain amphiphilic drugs induce a generalized phospholipidosis. This drug side effect has been related to an inhibition of the lysosomal phospholipases due to the interaction of the drugs with phospholipids (PL). In the present experiments, the influence of the amphiphilic drugs ambroxol, imipramine, chloroquine and chlorphentermine on the hydrolysis of dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) unilamellar liposomes by bee venom phospholipase A2 (PLase A2) was studied. Special emphasis was laid on the initial phase and temperature dependence. The activity of PLase A2 was measured continuously with a spectrophotometric assay using cresol red as indicator. In most cases a lag-phase of different duration was observed before the enzyme exhibited its full activity. The duration of the lag-phase and the rate of hydrolysis in the second phase are inversely related. The temperature dependence of the hydrolysis reveals a maximum of activity near the phase transition of the bilayer and a gradually decreasing activity at lower and higher temperatures, respectively. The analysis of the influence of amphiphilic drugs reveals three types of interaction. Imipramine and ambroxol shift the temperature activity profile towards lower temperatures without a substantial influence on the shape of the profile and on the maximal rate of hydrolysis. Chloroquine inhibits the enzyme activity without any temperature dependence. Chlorphentermine, the classical lipidosis inducing drug, exhibits a third type of interaction which seems to be a combination of the two former types.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3566802&dopt=Abstract
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Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1987 Jul;9(1):69-81.
The effect of chlorphentermine pretreatment on the toxicity of nitrogen dioxide in mice.
Hastings CE Jr, DeNicola DB, Rebar AH, Turek JJ, Born GS, Kessler WV.
Chlorphentermine HCl (CP) was used to induce preexisting alveolar alterations resembling a pulmonary lipidosis in mice to study these effects on the severity and duration of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) toxicity. Results indicated that a daily dose of 120 mg/kg for 14 days produced consistent histopathologic changes characterized by an accumulation of large foamy macrophages. Male Swiss-Webster mice were divided into a control and three treatment groups. Group 1 received 120 mg/kg CP po daily for 2 weeks followed by exposure to air for 48 hr. Group 2 received 20 ppm NO2 for 48 hr via whole-body inhalation, and group 3 received 120 mg/kg CP daily for 2 weeks followed by 20 ppm NO2 for 48 hr. The fourth group served as a nontreated control and received water in place of CP and air in place of NO2. All groups were compared by morphologic evaluation of pulmonary tissues at the light and electron microscopic levels at Days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 after the 48-hr exposure to air or NO2. In a second experiment using the same treatment groups, thin-section light microscopy was used to count the number of type I and type II cells and macrophages. NO2 exposure alone caused deaths in 20.8 and 18.5% of the mice in the two studies, but no deaths were seen in the combination groups from both experiments. Histopathologic evaluation showed a typical cellular response to the NO2 exposure, but differences were noted between the two groups receiving NO2 on this treatment. There was increased type II cell hyperplasia and terminal bronchiolitis on Days 0 and 1 but less on Days 3 to 7 in the combination group compared to the NO2 alone group. CP treatment prior to NO2 exposure caused less terminal bronchiolar epithelial hyperplasia and less pulmonary edema than was seen in the NO2 along group. The CP treatment appeared to protect against the lethal effects of NO2 at the concentration and time of exposure used and altered the cellular repair mechanism that occurs in response to NO2 toxicity. CP treatment prior to NO2 exposure caused significantly less loss of type I cells and less increase in type II cells due to NO2 damage. The combination treatment also caused an increase in macrophages greater than that seen in either individual treatment, and this number remained increased through 5 days post-NO2 exposure, whereas the NO2 alone caused a steady increase in macrophages following the exposure until Day 3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3622964&dopt=Abstract
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