Ionamin online research references
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1985 Apr;233(1):39-44.
Chlorphentermine-induced biochemical alterations in mitochondrial membranes.
Zychlinski L, Montgomery MR.
The effects of chlorphentermine (CP) on bioenergetics and monoamine oxidase activity in rat liver mitochondria were examined. Oxidation rates of isocitrate, glutamate and succinate were investigated in the presence of CP (0.5-5.0 mM). In the presence of low concentrations (0.5-2.0 mM) CP decreased respiratory control ratio and ADP/O ratio, and stimulated state 4 respiration. State 3 respiration and uncoupled state were unaffected. The same pattern of changes was found after in vivo CP treatment for 1 or 2 weeks (30 mg/kg i.p., 5 days/week). CP also increased respiration in state 3 that had been inhibited previously by oligomycin. These data indicate that CP functions as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. In the presence of higher concentrations of CP (3.0-5.0 mM), respiration in states 4, 3 and in uncoupled state, as well as respiratory control ratio and ADP/O, were decreased. Oxidation of norepinephrine, serotonin, tyramine and dopamine by monoamine oxidase, an enzyme marker of the outer mitochondrial membrane, was inhibited in the presence of 0.05 to 0.5 mM CP. Tryptamine and benzylamine oxidation was unaffected. A kinetic study of serotonin oxidation in the absence and presence of CP (0.05-0.25 mM) indicated that both the Vmax and Km were affected. This drug is an inhibitor of liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase with mixed-type inhibition. These combined data show that CP affects biochemical processes in both inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3981460&dopt=Abstract
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Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1985 Jun;22(6):1071-3.
Self-administration of phentermine by naive rats: effects of body weight and a food delivery schedule.
Papasava M, Singer G, Papasava CL.
Food deprivation has been shown to increase intravenous self-administration of amphetamine and cocaine. In the present experiment, the response rates of four groups of eight rats for intravenous infusions of phentermine under free-feeding (FF) and 80% free-feeding weight (FFW) conditions in the presence and absence of a fixed time 1 min (FT-1) food delivery schedule, were compared with those of saline reinforced animals under identical conditions. The findings showed that: (1) Overall, response rates of phentermine-reinforced animals were significantly greater than were those of saline-reinforced animals; (2) 80% FFW animals self-injected significantly greater amounts of phentermine than did FF animals; and (3) the operation of an FT-1 schedule failed to affect the rate of phentermine-reinforced responding.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=4023024&dopt=Abstract
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J Lipid Res. 1985 Jun;26(6):735-44.
Fluorescence studies of the binding of amphiphilic amines with phospholipids.
Ma JY, Ma JK, Weber KC.
The binding characteristics of several amine drugs with dispersed phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylglycerol) have been studied using the fluorometric method and 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate and 1,6 diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene as fluorescence probes. The results show that amphiphilic amines, such as chlorphentermine, interact with phospholipids via both ionic and hydrophobic forces. The ionic interaction, which occurs between the protonated amine group of the drug and the phosphate oxygen of the lipid, changes the amphiphilic characteristics of the lipid by reducing the number of negative charges on the lipid vesicles, and inhibits the Ca2+-dependent lipid hydrolysis by blocking the Ca2+ binding sites on the lipid vesicles. The hydrophobic interaction, which involves the nonpolar moieties of the drug and the lipid, is of primary importance to the overall drug-lipid binding stability. Drugs without a strong hydrophobic moiety, such as dopamine, do not interact with phospholipids.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=4031652&dopt=Abstract
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