Ionamin online research references
Pharmacology. 1977;15(3):218-26.
Influence of some sympathomimetic amines on the experimental gastric ulcers in rats.
Cuparencu B, Sandor V.
In reserpine-induced ulcers in rats, the centrally acting sympathomimetic amines (amphetamine, mephentermine and ephedrine) produced a significant protection. Only amphetamine had a beneficial effect in restraint ulcers. Tyramine, a preponderant peripherally acting sympathominetic amine, was inefficient in both experimental models. It is suggested that the protective activity is due to the influence of these amines on the adrenergic structures, mainly at central level.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=866399&dopt=Abstract
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Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1996 Jun;54(2):517-23.
Discriminative stimulus effects of dopaminergic agents in rhesus monkeys.
Koetzner L, Riley AL, Glowa JR.
Behavioral Pharmacology Unit, LMC/NIDDK/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Recent reports have shown that treatment with dopamine reuptake inhibitors can selectively decrease responding maintained by low doses of cocaine in rhesus monkeys. This may occur because response-independent delivery of a reuptake inhibitor and response-dependent cocaine have common effects. One behavioral effect that dopamine reuptake inhibitors and cocaine share is their ability to serve as a discriminative stimulus. To compare discriminative effects of several dopaminergic agents with their ability to attenuate cocaine-maintained responding, three rhesus monkeys were first trained to discriminate intravenous injections of cocaine (0.1 mg/kg) from saline. Following generalization testing with various doses of cocaine (0.001-1.0 mg/kg), the relative potencies of phentermine (0.03-1.0 mg/kg), d-amphetamine (0.01-1.0 mg/kg), GBR 12,909 (0.01-1.0 mg/kg), and buspirone (0.03-0.56 mg/kg) to substitute for cocaine were assessed. Each drug except buspirone resulted in predominantly cocaine-appropriate responding at doses that were generally without rate-decreasing effect. The ED50 for the ability of these drugs to substitute for cocaine exhibited the same rank order as that for their effectiveness in decreasing cocaine-maintained responding. Thus, the current results show that the potencies of dopaminergic drugs to decrease cocaine-maintained responding and substitute for cocaine in a drug discrimination paradigm are related.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8743617&dopt=Abstract
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Drug Alcohol Depend. 1996 May;41(1):71-4.
Effects of phentermine and cocaine on fenfluramine-induced depletion of serotonin in mouse brain.
Baumann MH, Schuster CR, Rothman RB.
Clinical Psychopharmacology Section, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
The combined administration of phentermine and fenfluramine (PHEN/FEN) has been used as a treatment for obesity. Recent evidence suggests that this drug mixture may also be an effective medication for substance abuse disorders, including cocaine dependence. It is well-established that repeated high-dose fenfluramine causes serotonin (5-HT) terminal degeneration in laboratory animals, and no studies have addressed possible interactions between phentermine and fenfluramine. The purpose of the present work was to examine the effect of phentermine coadministration on fenfluramine-induced depletion of 5-HT in mouse forebrain. In addition, because of the potential for cocaine abuse in drug addicts taking PHEN/FEN as a medication, we examined the effects of PHEN/FEN on forebrain 5-HT levels in the presence or absence of cocaine. Fenfluramine (0, 3, 10, 30 mg/kg, s.c. twice daily for 4 days) caused a dose-dependent reduction in forebrain 5-HT without affecting dopamine or norepinephrine. Phentermine coadministration (7 mg/kg, s.c. twice daily for 4 days) did not significantly alter the 5-HT-depleting effect of fenfluramine. Likewise, cocaine (10 mg/kg, i.p.), administered 60 min prior to or 60 min after PHEN/FEN, had no effect on the PHEN/FEN-induced decrease in central 5-HT. The present results indicate that doses of phentermine far above those typically administered to humans do not potentiate the 5-HT-depleting effect of repeated high-dose fenfluramine. Moreover, exposure to cocaine does not significantly alter the long-term neurochemical actions of the PHEN/FEN mixture.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8793312&dopt=Abstract
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