Ionamin online research references
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1998 May;137(1):99-106.
Efficacy of administration of dexfenfluramine and phentermine, alone and in combination, on ingestive behavior and body weight in rats.
Roth JD, Rowland NE.
Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-2250, USA.
Recently, a combination of the anorectics fenfluramine (FEN) and phentermine (PHEN) has been used to treat obesity. While each of these agents has been investigated in animals, little is known concerning the effects of the combination on ingestive behavior and body weight. In the present experiments, we report: (1) the effects of acute administration of dexfenfluramine (DFEN) and PHEN individually and in combination on sweetened milk intake and body weight in non-deprived rats and (2) the effects of chronic administration (7 day minipump) of DFEN, PHEN, and their combination on daily food intake and body weight both during and after the treatment period. Additionally, the effects of the 5-HT2C agonist 1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]piperazine (TFMPP) alone and in combination with PHEN on food intake and body weight were assessed. Both acute and chronic administration of DFEN and PHEN revealed that in combination they are more effective than when given individually. However, the DFEN/ PHEN combination does not appear to exert effects that are selective for food intake because water intake was markedly suppressed in water-deprived rats. PHEN alone or in combination with either DFEN or TFMPP also produced increased activity or alertness during the day when controls normally were asleep. While anorectic combinations such as DFEN/PHEN may be effective at promoting weight loss and reducing food intake, future studies on their specificity, safety and efficacy are warranted.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9631962&dopt=Abstract
kwd match ionamin online literature
iep.nida.nih.gov
Combined dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) releases such as phentermine (PHEN) and fenfluramine (FEN) are reported, in open label studies, to reduce craving for alcohol and cocaine and to prevent relapse. The objective of the studies reported here was to assess the actions of these agents alone and in combination in various animal models of drug addiction. Study 1. In vivo microdialysis experiments demonstrate that these agents preferentially release mesolimbic DA (PHEN) and 5-HT (FEN). Patients who relapse and use cocaine while taking these medications report diminished cocaine-like subjective effects. Microdialysis experiments were performed in awake rats, and dialysate samples were analyzed for DA and 5-HT. PHEN (1 mg/kg, intravenously (i.v.)) elevated DA (2-3-fold) for over 1.5 hr. Administration of cocaine (3 mg/kg, i.v.) increased DA 6-fold in saline-treated rats, but only 3-fold in PHEN-treated rats. PHEN did not reduce cocaine-induced increases in 5-HT. Study 2. These agents were assessed in a mouse model of cocaine-conditioned motoric activity (CCMA). Pretreatment with non-activating doses of PHEN (4.6 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)) enhanced CCMA, whereas non-depressing doses of FEN (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) did not alter CCMA or the PHEN-induced increase in CCMA. In contrast, sub-effective doses of FEN reduced CCMA stereotypy-like locomotion, whereas sub-effective doses of PHEN were without effect. PHEN reversed the FEN-induced increase in CCMA stereotypy-like locomotion. Study 3. PHEN and FEN were assessed in the conditional place preference model. FEN produced marked aversions for an environment previously associated with its administration and the minimum dose producing this effect was 3.0 mg/kg. In contrast, administration of PHEN, amphetamine (1.0-3.0 mg/kg) or morphine (3.0-5.0 mg/kg) produced dose-related preferences for the drug-paired place. However, the magnitude of the response to PHEN was less than that produced by the other prototypic drugs of abuse. In rats that received FEN (0.3 or 3.0 mg/kg) in combination with PHEN (3.0 mg/kg), the conditioned rewarding effects of PHEN were abolished. These data demonstrate that the rewarding effects of PHEN can be conditioned to stimuli previously associated with its administration. However, the conditioned response to this agent is less than that produced by prototypic drugs of abuse. The finding that PHEN-induced place preferences were attenuated by doses of FEN demonstrates that the combination of FEN/PHEN is devoid of motivational effects. The preclinical data obtained with PHEN/FEN in various models of drug provide a strong rationale for pursuing controlled clinical trials in humans with agents that act via a similar mechanism of action.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9668665&dopt=Abstract
kwd match ionamin online literature
Biol Psychiatry. 1978 Apr;13(2):283-90.
Relationship between anorectic and reinforcing properties of appetite suppressant drugs: implications for assessment of abuse liability.
Griffiths RR, Brady JV, Snell JD.
A quantitative ratio measure was developed which permitted comparisons between the reinforcing and anorectic potency of eight phenylethylamine anorectics and cocaine in laboratory baboons. The ordering of these compounds based upon this ratio bears a reasonable correspondence to clinical drug evaluations. The measure may provide information for preclinical evaluation of relative abuse potential of anorectic drugs.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=96878&dopt=Abstract
kwd match ionamin online literature
Dream Pharmaceuticals Rx Online Antibiotics
Dream Pharmaceuticals Rx Online Allegra
Dream Pharmaceuticals Rx Online Ambien
DreamPharm: Herbal and Nutritional supplements online ||
Hair Million herbal formula for hair loss and hair growth ||
Dream Pharmaceuticals Rx: Prescription Drugs Online || Tramadol Online || Paxil Online || Buspar Online || Cialis Online || Antibiotics Online
Antibiotics and prescription medications online literature ||
E-Mail Us