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Am Surg. 2002 Jan;68(1):1-5.
Radiofrequency ablation of a stereotactically localized nonpalpable breast carcinoma.
Elliott RL, Rice PB, Suits JA, Ostrowe AJ, Head JF.
The Elliott-Head Breast Cancer Research and Treatment Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70816, USA. emcmramerica.net
A nonpalpable breast lesion was detected in a 71-year-old woman who had returned for her annual mammogram. Stereotactic core needle biopsy revealed an infiltrating ductal carcinoma. The patient agreed to stereotactic localization and radiofrequency ablation of the lesion followed after 4 weeks by open surgical biopsy. The breast lesion was localized and the radiofrequency ablation performed under local anesthesia in the outpatient/office setting. The lesion was ablated for a total of 20 minutes at a sustained mean temperature of 75 degrees C. After a 30-second cooldown the peripheral temperature of the four peripheral thermocouples ranged from 58 degrees C to 70 degrees C. A surgical clip was placed at the site of the ablated lesion. The postprocedure course was uneventful and the patient proceeded to open biopsy 4 weeks later. The open biopsy specimen, a left segmental mastectomy, underwent specimen radiography, which confirmed the surgical clip in the center of the lesion. There was extensive central necrosis and hemorrhage surrounded by fat necrosis. There was no definite viable residual tumor and the margins were clear. This is the first case in a clinical protocol designed to determine the efficacy of stereotactic localization and radiofrequency ablation of nonpalpable breast lesions. Additional ablations will be required to define the procedure but the results from this initial patient suggest that this is a promising minimally invasive curative approach for nonpalpable breast lesions.
Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12467307&dopt=Abstract hemorrhage
Ultrasound Med Biol. 2002 Oct;28(10):1239-43.
Carotid artery intima-media thickness and plaque score for the risk assessment of stroke subtypes.
Nagai Y, Kitagawa K, Yamagami H, Kondo K, Hougaku H, Hori M, Matsumoto M.
Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan. nagaiedone.med.osaka-u.ac.jp
As measures for the severity of carotid atherosclerosis, we compared common carotid artery (CCA) intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaque score (PS) for risk assessment of respective stroke subtypes. The subjects comprised 792 nonstroke and 311 stroke patients, including 72 with atherothrombotic infarction (AI), 113 with lacunar infarction (LI), 54 with cardioembolic infarction and 29 with cerebral hemorrhage. IMT was bilaterally measured on CCA far walls, and averaged. PS was obtained by summing up the maximum thickness of all plaques in bilateral carotid arteries. Both IMT and PS were greater in AI and LI patients than in nonstroke patients (all p < 0.05), but similar between other subtype and nonstroke patients. By receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses, both measures discriminated the likelihood for AI and LI (all p < 0.05), but not for other subtypes. When discriminating AI, ROC area defined by PS (0.80) was greater than that defined by IMT (0.68) (p < 0.05). Thus, although both CCA IMT and PS appear to help for risk assessment of AI and LI, risk of AI may be more effectively assessed by PS.
Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12467849&dopt=Abstract hemorrhage
Brain Res. 2002 Dec 20;958(1):192-200.
Failure of delayed and prolonged hypothermia to favorably affect hemorrhagic stroke in rats.
MacLellan C, Shuaib A, Colbourne F.
Department of Psychology, P217 Biological Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Edmonton, Canada.
Prolonged hypothermia reduces global and focal cerebral ischemic injury in rodents even when delayed for hours. However, it is not known whether hypothermia can reduce injury following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Accordingly, we studied striatal injury and concomitant motor deficits after 2 days of hypothermia, induced 1 h after creation of an ICH by infusion of bacterial collagenase. Rats were first trained to retrieve food pellets in the Montoya staircase task. They were then implanted with core temperature telemetry probes and later subjected to normothermic ICH or sham operation (vehicle injection). Half self-regulated temperature after surgery; others were cooled to 33 degrees C (24 h) and then 35 degrees C (24 h). Hypothermia did not affect behavioral scores of sham animals (89.8% of baseline in staircase test) or histology. Untreated (normothermic) ICH rats lost 23.1 mm(3) of tissue at a 1-month survival, which significantly impaired food pellet retrieval (66.0% retrieval) with the contralateral limb (tested on days 21-25). Contrary to our hypothesis, hypothermia failed to lessen either the reaching impairment (62.8%) or the lesion (22.2 mm(3)). While other hemorrhagic insults or complications may be improved with hypothermia, our data suggest that it will not salvage tissue that is quickly lost after ICH. We also assessed walking across a horizontal ladder and spontaneous paw usage in a cylinder test at 1-4 weeks after ICH, but neither test was sufficiently sensitive to this mild insult. This indicates that skilled reaching is more severely disrupted than spontaneous paw usage or walking after a striatal hemorrhage.
Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12468045&dopt=Abstract hemorrhage
Stroke. 2002 Dec;33(12):2781-8.
Isolated and borderline isolated systolic hypertension relative to long-term risk and type of stroke: a 20-year follow-up of the national health and nutrition survey.
Qureshi AI, Suri MF, Mohammad Y, Guterman LR, Hopkins LN.
Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York at Buffalo, USA. aiqureshotmail.com
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although the short-term risks of stroke and types of stroke associated with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) and borderline isolated systolic hypertension (BISH) have been described, the long-term effects of these hypertensive conditions, particularly in younger individuals, are unclear. We performed this study to evaluate the long-term risks of stroke, type of stroke, and predictors of stroke associated with ISH and BISH and how this risk compares with that for persons with diastolic hypertension and normotension. METHODS: We used the 20-year follow-up data for 12 344 adults aged 25 to 74 years who participated in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Follow-Up Study to determine the aforementioned risks. Blood pressure (BP) measurements of the participants were obtained during baseline evaluation. ISH was defined as systolic BP >/=160 mm Hg and diastolic BP <90 mm Hg. BISH was defined as systolic BP between 140 and 159 mm Hg and diastolic BP <90 mm Hg. Diastolic hypertension was defined as a diastolic BP >/=90 mm Hg. Normotension was defined as systolic BP <140 mm Hg and diastolic BP <90 mm Hg. Incidence of stroke overall and incidence of ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage were determined from a review of hospital records and death certificates. Relative risk (RR) of stroke and stroke type in association with each hypertensive category was determined by Cox proportional hazards analysis after adjustment for potential confounding variables. RESULTS: Among the 12 344 participants, hypertension was categorized as ISH (n=493), BISH (n=1241), and diastolic hypertension (n=3954). Normotension was observed in 6656 persons. After adjustment for differences in age, sex, education, serum cholesterol level, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, and cigarette smoking, a significantly higher RR for all strokes was observed in participants with ISH (RR, 2.7; 95% CI, 2.0 to 3.4) and BISH (RR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.8) than those with normotension. The risk was significantly higher for ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage in persons with ISH and BISH. Among the 1734 persons with either ISH or BISH, the risk of stroke was independently associated with older age, diabetes mellitus, and systolic BP >/=180 mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS: Increased risks for stroke, ischemic stroke, and intracerebral hemorrhage were observed in patients with BISH, similar to those associated with ISH and diastolic hypertension. Future clinical trials are required to evaluate the effect of antihypertensive treatment in younger patients with BISH and ISH.
Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12468770&dopt=Abstract hemorrhage
Stroke. 2002 Dec;33(12):2789-93.
Stroke in the young in the northern Manhattan stroke study.
Jacobs BS, Boden-Albala B, Lin IF, Sacco RL.
Wayne State University/Detroit Medical Center Comprehensive Stroke Program, Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA. bjacobed.wayne.edu
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Stroke and stroke subtype incidence in young black and Hispanic populations have not been well studied. The purpose of this study was to determine stroke incidence rates in these populations and to compare rates among various race-ethnic, sex, and age groups. METHODS: A population-based incidence study identified all cases of first stroke in Northern Manhattan from 1993 to 1997. Stroke and stroke subtype incidence rates were calculated for younger (20 to 44 years of age) and older (>/=45 years of age) adults. The relative risk (RR) of stroke in blacks and Hispanics compared with whites was calculated. Stroke subtypes, infarct subtypes, and case fatality rates were compared in the young and old and in different race-ethnic groups and sexes. RESULTS: Over 4 years, 74 cases of first stroke in young patients were discovered (47% women, 12% black, 80% Hispanic, 8% white). The stroke incidence rates (cases per 100 000 persons per year) in the young were 23 overall, 10 for infarct, 7 for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and 6 for subarachnoid hemorrhage. The RR of stroke in the young was greatest for blacks (2.4; 95% CI, 0.8 to 6.7) and Hispanics (2.5; 95% CI, 1.1 to 5.8) compared with whites. ICH was more frequent in men with a RR of 3.7 (95% CI, 1.4 to 10.1). Case fatality rates at 30 days were higher in blacks (38%) and Hispanics (16%) compared with whites (0%). CONCLUSIONS: Young blacks and Hispanics have greater stroke incidences than young whites.
Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12468771&dopt=Abstract hemorrhage
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