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Stroke. 2002 Dec;33(12):3033-7.
Effects of nonpeptide V(1) vasopressin receptor antagonist SR-49059 on infarction volume and recovery of function in a focal embolic stroke model.
Shuaib A, Xu Wang C, Yang T, Noor R.
Stroke Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. ashfaq.shuaialberta.ca
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cerebral edema develops very early after the onset of focal cerebral ischemia and may be a major factor in early disability after an acute ischemic stroke. There have been very limited studies on the usefulness of antiedemic agents as neuroprotective agents in the setting of focal cerebral ischemia. We tested the neuroprotective effects of a new potent nonpeptide vasopressin receptor V(1) antagonist, SR-49059, in a focal embolic stroke model in rats. METHODS: Focal ischemic injury was induced by embolizing a preformed clot into the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Infarction volume was measured at 48 hours after the MCA occlusion. Neurological deficits, ischemic brain edema, seizure activity, and mortality and hemorrhage rates were also documented. RESULTS: Treatment with SR-49059 (2 mg/kg), initiated immediately after MCA occlusion, significantly reduced infarction volume (P<0.05) measured at 48 hours after the arterial occlusion. In animals in which the treatment was delayed for 1 hour after MCA occlusion, infarction volume was also reduced significantly (P<0.05). Infarction volume in the rats that received the drug at 3 or 6 hours after MCA occlusion was not different from that in the vehicle-treated group. Treatment with SR-49059, when started early after the arterial occlusion, also reduced neurological deficits and ischemic brain edema. Injection of drug at a higher dose (30 mg/kg) also reduced infarction volume and improved functional recovery but was not superior to the lower dose (2 mg/kg) when the drug was administrated at 1 hour after MCA occlusion. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that the selective vasopressin receptor antagonist SR-49059 is a potent neuroprotective agent when used early after onset of arterial occlusion in an embolic focal ischemia model in rats. Further studies are needed in stroke models to better understand its neuroprotective properties when used alone or in combination with thrombolysis.
Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12468809&dopt=Abstract hemorrhage
Transfus Clin Biol. 2002 Oct;9(4):271-9.
[Flow cytometry in immunohematology]
[Article in French]
Gane P.
Institut national de la transfusion sanguine, 6, rue Alexandre-Cabanel, 75015 Paris, France. gandf.inserm.fr
Flow cytometry is an objective, sensitive and quantitative technique which allows rapid and simultaneous analysis of several parameters on a great number of cells. Hence, flow cytometry is particularly suitable for the analysis of complex cell populations, rare events and quantitative studies. In immunohematology, flow cytometry is a very powerful approach to the study of mixed red cell populations (hematopoietic chimerism, transfusion or bone marrow transplantation), the detection of low frequency cell populations (reticulocytes, fetomaternal hemorrhage) and the quantitative analysis of red blood cell antigens.
Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12469559&dopt=Abstract hemorrhage
Lakartidningen. 2002 Oct 31;99(44):4350-5.
[Early thrombolysis indicated in threatened cerebral infarction. A study of 60 patients treated at Akademiska sjukhuset in Uppsala]
[Article in Swedish]
Hardemark HG, Nordmark O, Terent A.
Neurologiska kliniken, Neurocentrum, Akademiska sjukhuset, Uppsala. h-g.hardemars.se
Results of the routine use of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) within 3 hours of an acute ischemic stroke have been reported from the United States, Canada and Germany. Published reports from other countries and from centers using tPA within a wider timeframe are limited. 60 patients in a Swedish University Hospital were treated with i.v. tPA within 6 hours of onset of acute ischemic stroke symptoms. Two patients suffered more extensive parenchymal intracerebral hemorrhages, of which one required surgery and one died. At 3 months, 47% were independent, 35% dependent and 18% deceased. Due to the relatively low number of patients in this series, data should be cautiously interpreted, but the results are comparable to those of large randomized controlled trials and published phase 4 studies. The risk of tPA treatment after 3-6 hours does not seem to be significantly increased as compared to treatment within 3 hours.
Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12469579&dopt=Abstract hemorrhage
Arch Surg. 2002 Dec;137(12):1332-9; discussion 1340.
A comparison of percutaneous cryosurgery and percutaneous radiofrequency for unresectable hepatic malignancies.
Adam R, Hagopian EJ, Linhares M, Krissat J, Savier E, Azoulay D, Kunstlinger F, Castaing D, Bismuth H.
Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Centre Hepato-Biliaire, Hopital Paul Brousse, Universite Paris Sud, Villejuif, France. rene.adabr.ap-hop-paris.fr
HYPOTHESIS: The complication and success rates in patients treated with either percutaneous cryosurgery (PCS) or percutaneous radiofrequency (PRF) for unresectable hepatic malignancies are similar. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-four patients were treated with either PCS (n = 31) or PRF (n = 33). Patient treatment was based on the random availability of the probes. Tumors were evaluated by a blinded comparison of pretreatment and posttreatment helical computed tomographic scans. All living patients had at least a 6-month follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Complication rate, initial treatment success (complete devascularization of the tumor), and local recurrence (tumor revascularization within or at its periphery). RESULTS: The distribution of tumor types was similar in the 2 groups (P =.76). One patient with cirrhosis died of variceal hemorrhage on day 30 after PCS (mortality, 3.2%), while no mortality was observed after PRF (P =.48). Complications occurred in 9 (29%) of the patients following PCS and in 8 (24%) of the patients following PRF (P =.66). Initial treatment success was comparable in the 2 treatment groups (30 [83%] of 36 tumors following PCS vs 34 [83%] of 41 tumors following PRF). However, local recurrences occurred more frequently after PCS than after PRF (16 [53%] of 30 vs 6 [18%] of 34; P =.003). The higher rate of local recurrence was identified for metastases (10 [71%] of 14 after PCS vs 3 [19%] of 16 after PRF; P =.004), while the difference was not significant for hepatocellular carcinoma (6 [38%] of 16 after PCS vs 3 [17%] of 18 after PRF; P =.25). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the use of PCS (P =.003) and more than 1 treatment (P =.05) were independent risk factors for local tumor recurrence. CONCLUSION: While similar initial treatment success and complication rates are observed following either PCS or PRF, local recurrences occur more frequently following PCS, particularly for metastases.
Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12470093&dopt=Abstract hemorrhage
Int J Cardiovasc Intervent. 2000 Sep;3(3):173-179.
Comparison of ReoPro((R)) (abciximab) versus intracoronary thrombolysis for early coronary stent thrombosis.
Mamtimin H, Rupprecht HJ, Nowak B, Voigtlander T, Darius H, Meyer J.
Medical Clinic 2, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
AIMS: This study evaluated the treatment of early coronary stent thrombosis with intracoronary urokinase or the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor ReoPro (abciximab). METHODS AND RESULTS: Seventy-four patients (126 stents) were treated immediately after identification of early (0-30 days) coronary stent thrombosis. Twenty-nine patients were treated with intracoronary urokinase (UK) (UK alone in 19; UK and additional balloon angioplasty in 10) and another 45 patients were given ReoPro((R)) (abciximab) (0.25 mg/kg as a bolus alone in 26, abciximab with additional balloon angioplasty in 19) within 30 days of stent implantation. TIMI grade 3 flow was obtained in 23 patients (79%) in the UK group and in 38 (84%) in the abciximab group (nonsignificant). Three patients (10%) in the UK group and one (2%) in the abciximab group underwent repeat percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) (nonsignificant). Five patients (17%) in the UK group and three (7%) in the abciximab group were referred for urgent coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) because of residual thrombus and refractory ischemia (nonsignificant). Repeat revascularization was necessary in eight patients (28%) in the UK group versus four (9%) in the abciximab group (p < 0.05). Five patients (17%) in the UK group and eight (18%) in the abciximab group developed myocardial infarction (nonsignificant). Five patients (17%) in the UK group (cardiogenic shock (three), cerebral hemorrhage (one) and pneumonia (one)) and three (6.6%) in the abciximab group (cardiogenic shock (two), heart failure (one)) died within 30 days (nonsignificant). Overall, noncardiac complications (bleeding including surgical repair of groin) were observed in 11 patients (38%) in the UK group and three (7%) in the abciximab group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Compared to urokinase, abciximab reduced the need for repeat revascularization procedures and the risk of noncardiac events, including bleeding complications in patients with early coronary stent thrombosis.
Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12470368&dopt=Abstract hemorrhage [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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