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Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2001 Dec;19(4):283-6.
Fatal buckwheat dependent exercised-induced anaphylaxis.
Noma T, Yoshizawa I, Ogawa N, Ito M, Aoki K, Kawano Y.
Department of Pediatrics, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
Cases of food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FEA) caused by buckwheat have been rare. Clinical, laboratory, and autopsy findings are present on an 8-year old girl with FEA caused by Japanese buckwheat. The patient consumed buckwheat noodles called "zaru soba" and immediately thereafter swam vigorously. Approximately 30 minutes later, she complained of abdominal pain, vomiting, coughing, and chest discomfort. Another ten minutes later her consciousness level deteriorated and she experienced cardiorespiratory arrest. The heart beat was restored and she was admitted to the hospital. She never regained consciousness and expired after another arrest 13 days later. Her IgE level was high (2,840 IU/ml) and the IgE-radioallergosorbent test (RAST) score was 2 for soybeans, 3 for buckwheat, 2 for rice, and 3 for wheat. An exaggerated hematemesis that occurred immediately after hospital admission indicated an inflammatory condition of the digestive tract that was caused by buckwheat. Marked ulceration accompanied with hemorrhage and necrosis was noted at the ileum. Extensive hemorrhage involving the endotracheal pulmonary field and lymphocyte infiltration of the alveolar space likely appeared after the inflammation. The analysis of buckwheat-specific IgE antibody by immunoblotting showed 7 bands that reacted with the IgE of the patient's serum, 4 bands: 16, 20, 24, and 58 kDa, were specific to the patient as compared to subjects not allergic to buckwheat. A first case of fatal FEA by buckwheat is reported with reference to specific IgE.
Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12009078&dopt=Abstract hemorrhage
Surg Neurol. 2002 Mar;57(3):160-5; discussion 165-6.
Prognosis and prognostic factors in nonaneurysmal perimesencephalic hemorrhage: a follow-up study in 29 patients.
Ildan F, Tuna M, Erman T, Gocer AI, Cetinalp E.
Department of Neurosurgery, Cukurova University, School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.
BACKGROUND: Perimesencephalic nonaneurysmal hemorrhage is a benign form of subarachnoid hemorrhage with a low risk of rebleeding. The authors conducted a retrospective study to investigate the prognosis, possible prognostic factors, and long-term natural history in perimesencephalic nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (PNSH). METHODS: This report contains a retrospective analysis of 29 patients with PNSH who were followed from 1 month to 8 years with an average follow-up period of 5.4 years. We evaluated computed tomography (CT) scan features; clinical grade; loss of consciousness during hemorrhage; ventricular ratio; angiographic spasm; complications such as ischemic complications, early rebleeding, late rebleeding, epilepsy, hydrocephalus, and fixed ischemic deficit; and outcome. RESULTS: There were 7 men and 22 women, and the ages ranged from 22 to 69 years (mean 49.5 years). In the group with PNSH 93% of the patients were in grade I-II, as compared to 70.8% of patients with non-PNSH according to the Hunt and Hess system. Loss of consciousness during hemorrhage was detected in 9 patients (31%). We observed acute hydrocephalus in 4 patients (13.7%). The first cerebral four-vessel angiograms disclosed vasospasm in 3 patients (10.3%). Patients with PNSH have the best outcome according to the activities of daily living (ADL) grading system when compared with other groups of patients with negative angiogram (aneurysmal pattern and invisible blood). CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that patients with PNSH have an uncomplicated course and a particularly favorable outcome.
Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12009538&dopt=Abstract hemorrhage
Exp Mol Pathol. 2002 Jun;72(3):213-20.
Pulmonary pathologies in pallid mice result from nonhematopoietic defects.
McGarry MP, Borchers M, Novak EK, Lee NA, Ohtake PJ, Lee JJ, Swank RT.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, S. C. Johnson Research Building, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, USA.
Several single gene pigment mutants of inbred C57BL/6J mice display a triad of subcellular granule-associated defects: oculocutaneous pigment dilution, prolonged bleeding due to defects in platelet dense granules, and abnormal lysosomes. These features also characterize Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome (HPS), making these mice relevant animal models for HPS. Mice of one mutant strain, pallid, in addition to the hallmark triad of signs, also exhibit age-dependent lung pathology. Respiratory system mechanics showed that the age-dependent histopathology of pallid mice was accompanied by a decrease in lung reactance. Furthermore, the possibility that pallid pulmonary pathology may result from persistent inflammation due to microhemorrhage owing to the platelet defect was examined. Hematopoietic reconstitution of pallid mice with marrow from normal C57BL/6J donors did not prevent the development of the pulmonary histopathology or respiratory system mechanics characteristic of the pallid genotype. Similarly, wild-type mice 12 months after engraftment with pallid marrow did not develop pallid-like pulmonary histopathology or respiratory system mechanics. Thus, pallid-associated pulmonary functional and structural pathologies are not linked to the marrow (bleeding) genotype, but instead are the result of an age-dependent process resulting from a defect(s) in one or more nonhematopoietic cell types.
Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12009785&dopt=Abstract hemorrhage
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2002 May 1;180(3):186-96.
Anticoagulants prevent monocrotaline-induced hepatic parenchymal cell injury but not endothelial cell injury in the rat.
Copple BL, Woolley B, Banes A, Ganey PE, Roth RA.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
Monocrotaline (MCT) is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid plant toxin that produces hepatotoxicity in humans and animals. Human exposure to MCT occurs through consumption of contaminated grains and herbal medicines. Administration of MCT to rats stimulates activation of the coagulation system and fibrin deposition in the liver. Fibrin deposition occurs simultaneously with endothelial cell damage and prior to hepatic parenchymal cell injury. Accordingly, the hypothesis that activation of the coagulation system is required for MCT-induced liver injury was tested. Treatment of rats with either heparin or warfarin significantly reduced MCT-induced activation of the coagulation system and the increase in alanine aminotransferase activity in the plasma, a biomarker of hepatic parenchymal cell injury. Histopathological examination of liver sections revealed that heparin decreased parenchymal cell necrosis but did not affect central venular endothelial cell damage, congestion and dilation of the sinusoids, or hemorrhage in the liver. Morphometric analysis revealed that 28% of the area of livers from MCT-treated rats contained regions of coagulative necrosis, whereas less than 5% of the area of livers from rats treated with MCT and heparin contained these regions. By contrast, neither heparin nor warfarin prevented MCT-induced damage to endothelial cells in the liver as estimated by increased plasma hyaluronic acid concentration. These results suggest that activation of the coagulation system is required for MCT-induced parenchymal cell injury but not endothelial cell injury in the liver. 2002 Elsevier Science (USA).
Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12009858&dopt=Abstract hemorrhage
J Endovasc Ther. 2002 Apr;9(2):221-4.
Hemorrhage from a right hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm: endovascular treatment with a coronary stent-graft.
Venturini M, Angeli E, Salvioni M, De Cobelli F, Trentin C, Carlucci M, Staudacher C, Del Maschio A.
Department of Radiology, Scientific Institute S. Raffaele, University Hospital, Milan, Italy. radiologisr.it
PURPOSE: To report a novel case demonstrating the successful endovascular treatment of a right hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm using a balloon-expandable coronary stent-graft. CASE REPORT: A 60-year-old woman underwent surgical treatment for a Klatskin tumor, but her postoperative course was complicated by serious blood loss. An emergent celiac angiogram through a right transfemoral approach demonstrated a small iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm in the proximal right hepatic artery. A 7-F guiding catheter was positioned at the origin of the celiac trunk, and a Jostent coronary stent-graft mounted on a 2.7-F, 4-mm x 30-mm balloon catheter was successfully placed across the aneurysm neck. The final angiogram demonstrated total exclusion of the pseudoaneurysm with preservation of the arterial lumen. The hemodynamic condition of the patient became stable. At 12-month follow-up, duplex scanning confirmed regular right hepatic artery patency and absence of thrombotic tissue or signs of infection around the stent-graft. CONCLUSION: For hepatic artery pseudoaneurysms, endovascular repair using small covered stents may be a viable alternative to transcatheter embolization. The use of coronary instruments facilitates treatment of vascular lesions in small caliber visceral vessels.
Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12010105&dopt=Abstract hemorrhage
The average human scalp is covered by approximatey 100,000 hair follicles. Each hair undergoes
Loss of hair itself does not pose critical health problems because biological role of human hair is relatively marginal. Hair on our scalp protects the head from mechanical shock, heat loss, and exposure to UV-light. The eyelashes and eyebrowes protect the eyes, and hair in the ear canal or the nasal passages help filter out particles and pathogens, thus protecting our internal organs.
However, hair does play important social role: it is one of the major determinants of our appearance and identity in daily life. Fullness of hair also implicates or manifests physical integrity and youthfulness of the person. Losing hair could have more than just emotional impacts on individuals.
The hair is a unique organ that goes through a characteristic cycle consisting of an immature phase, a growing phase called anagen, a transitional phase between the growing phase and the resting phase called catagen, and finally a resting phase called telogen in which the hair stops growing, waiting to fall out. 85-90% of hairs on our body are in anagen phase or growing phase, which lasts anywhere from two to five years. This phase is followed by a short regression phase, or catagen, which lasts 2-3 weeks. Approximately 1% of hair follicles are in catagen. Approximately 10-15% of hair follicles are in the resting phase, the telogen, which lasts about 3-5 months. Hair follicles typically goes through 10-20 asynchronous cycles during the lifetime.
Persistent loss of more than 150 hairs would consist a state of hair loss, or alopecia, albeit it could be temporary.
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